Radiophonics
and film
The
idea of radiophonics extends beyond the radio itself, into the radiative,
the vibrational, the parapsychic and the schizophrenic. It represents all
that cannot be subordinated by the image. It even disrupts those realms
where the image is said to predominate because at heart, the image-object
is molecular, uncertain, radiative. However, even though both the film
image and its sound have the potential for dissolving into noise, the image,
as Chion notes, has a container, while sound does not. Multiplicity in
the image accedes to the drama of the frame, while sonic information finds
other, at times unconventional, guarantors of meaning:
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Why
in the cinema do we speak of "the image" in the singular, when a film has
thousands of them? The reason is that even if there were millions, there
would still be only one container for them, the frame. What "the image"
designates in the cinema is not content but container: the frame. . . .What
is the corresponding case for sound? The exact opposite. For sound there
is neither frame nor preexisting container. (Audio-Vision 66-7)
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The
break implicit in the radiophonic is described by Allen Weiss as "that of
the separation of the acoustic event from the lived, eroticized, speaking
body." For film, this could mean a separation of sound from bodies, or
from the containing frame, and thus a close equivalent of the "acousmêtre."
What would make a voice radiophonic proper might be, simply, the presence
of the radio, which not only would mediate the voice and sound, but also
the entire cultural imaginary of radio communication. Another difference
between acousmetric sounds and radiophonic ones could be merely a question
of destination, or even destiny. Gregory Whitehead describes radiophonics
in terms of sonic destiny: "In radio, not only is the voice separated from
the body, and not only does it return to the speaker as a disembodied presence-it
is, furthermore, thrust into the public arena to mix its sonic destiny
with that of other voices." For Whitehead, radio art is based on a
"principia schizophonica." The head becomes the container of
an overload of voices. In film, this effect is many times accompanied by
a reflection on the nature of radio, since certain forms of voice-over
experimentation emerged from the radio drama of the 30s and 40s. For example,
Mankiewicz's Letter
to Three Wives utilizes a voice-over effect that, in a story in
which the radio becomes central, has more alliances with the metaphor of
programming voices from afar and loading up the head with alien gibberish,
than with the idea of the voice cast out from the body in a play for omnipotence.
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