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The
break implicit in the radiophonic is described by Allen Weiss as "that of
the separation of the acoustic event from the lived, eroticized, speaking
body."
For
the 1944 Preminger film Laura, what Weiss' definition immediately
calls to mind is the song "Laura," which, within the film, extends beyond
the fictional Laura, and even (such are its powers) extends beyond the
film itself into endless pop-cultural and jazz mutations through the medium
of the radio. In 1944, because of shifts in ASCAP regulations based upon
anti-monopoly decisions, Hollywood studios instead of local theatres would
have to bear the price of popular music used in films. The upshot of this
was that, for the short time that Hollywood engaged exclusively in B productions,
film no longer was the embodiment
of already popular songs. Rather, because economics limited the use
of recent well-known music, some film songs of this period seemed to come
from nowhere (Laura was notoriously written in the course of a weekend)
thus giving them the uncanny characteristics of the "acousmetric." The
eventual extension of these songs emerging from the studio system into
popular culture at large transforms their acousmetric
qualities into radiophonic.
Outside
the text of the film, these songs become what Steven Conner calls the "sonic
revenants" of the film. Facilitated by the radio and oral communication
in general, sonic revenants are the lively fragments of the film that continue
in public space. Conner uses the term to explain the transmission of memes
like "Make my day," spoken by people who might never have seen a Clint
Eastwood film. When applied to song, then, Laura becomes the musical
equivalent, in more ways than one, of Swartzenegger's "I'll be back." It
is a sound, in returning, that inhabits, or even possesses us until the
film is beside the point. It might have originated in the film, but its
bailiwicks are the phonograph, the dance floor, memory. Songs like David
Raksin's "Laura,"
"Stella
by Starlight" (from The Uninvited, 1944), "Green
Dolphin Street" (from Green
Dolphin Street, 1947) and Edmund Goulding's "Mademoiselle"
(from
The Razor's Edge, 1947)-- all sheet music in the piano benches
of my great aunts (who as teenagers were silent film accompanists) or numbers
in the jazz repertoire of my father before they were films to me-- were
powered by phantasmal
desire already within the plots.
(click
on above song titles to hear Bill Evans' "Green Dolphin Street," as well
as more shambling piano sketches by the author.)
When
one considers "Laura's" lyrics--written after the film popularized the
song-- one can see in them the uncanny inspirations of sound unhinged from
the knowable source, even if the film's "supernatural" plot and the dissonant,
originless melody were not enough: